Cystic Fibrosis A Genetic Disorder - 1462 Words

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) Cystic Fibrosis affects 1 in every 2,500 children at birth. (ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) Cystic Fibrosis, or CF, is a genetic disorder. A genetic disorder is inherited, and is contributed to by both parents. (lung.org) Each parent has one abnormal gene. (lung.org) Cystic Fibrosis is where the body can not make, or it makes an abnormal version of the CFTR protein. CFTR is also known as cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator. There are several symptoms, and causes of Cystic Fibrosis. These symptoms are diagnosed, according to what causes CF. Cystic Fibrosis is an inherited disease, that when after diagnosed, doctors will suggest treatments to help with the condition. Cystic Fibrosis is most common in white infants, but can†¦show more content†¦Many of these symptoms are linked with each other. Such as the symptom of a cough may result in the symptom of wheezing, breathlessness, and also exercise intolerance. These symptoms also relate to social problems with childr en. Due to some embarrassing symptoms, such as foul-smelling stools, children have to go to counseling when they are young. This could be a result from bully behavior, and the cruel words of school children. Cause of the Disorder Cystic Fibrosis an inherited genetic disorder. This disorder is present when a child has 2 abnormal copies of the CFTR gene. There is a defect or a mutation in this gene that changes the protein which regulates the movement of salt in and out of cells. A mutation or defect is an alteration. This means that there is a change in the CFTR gene which causes it to perform improperly. How the disorder is inherited A single person has two CFTR genes. They get one copy from each parent. If an adult or child has only one abnormal copy of this gene, they are a carrier of Cystic Fibrosis. A carrier simply means that they carry the trait for cystic fibrosis, and could give it to one of their children. If each parent gives a child one abnormal copy of the CFTR gene, this is when CF occurs. However if they only have one abnormal copy, the child becomes a carrier. When both parents are CF carriers, there is a 25% chance that their child will have Cystic Fibrosis.Show MoreRelatedCystic Fibrosis : A Genetic Disorder1418 Words   |  6 PagesCystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder caused by mutations of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein, which results in a defective chloride channels. Chloride is part of salt that helps transportation of water needed for thin, free flowing mucus. The main characterization of cystic fibrosis is thick, sticky mucus in the lungs, making breathing difficult and allowing pathogens to invade (Ratjen and Dà ¶ring 2003). Airway mucus creates an iron limiting environment to prevent bacterialRead MoreThe Common Genetic Disorders : Cystic Fibrosis2762 Words   |  12 PagesCystic fibrosis is one of the most common genetic disorders. Patients with cystic fibrosis have many serious medical conditions and the majority only live to their mid-thirties. I will be looking at many different aspects of the disease such as, phenotypes, genotypes, and inheritance patterns. Also how the disease is diagnosed, treated, and the prognosis of the disease. According to the American Lung Association, â€Å"Cystic fibrosis is the second most life shortening, inherited disorder occurringRead MoreCystic Fibrosis : A Life Threatening Genetic Disorder1150 Words   |  5 PagesCystic Fibrosis Cystic Fibrosis or CF is a life threatening genetic disorder that mainly affects the lungs and digestive system. Cystic Fibrosis is most common among the Caucasian population, particularly people of northwestern European descent and is less common in people of African ancestry and is very rare in people of Asian ancestry. According to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, â€Å"an estimated 30,000 children and adults in the United States (70,000 worldwide) have CF† (Cystic Fibrosis FoundationRead MoreCystic Fibrosis : A Rare Life Threatening Genetic Disorder1455 Words   |  6 PagesCystic Fibrosis Introduction Cystic fibrosis also known as CF is a rare life threatening genetic disorder. CF causes individuals with this disorder to have persistent lung infections, in turn limiting their breathing. Individuals with cystic fibrosis, have a mutated gene that causes a thick, build-up of mucus in the lungs. Generally, it affects many of the body’s organ systems and is only found in about 200,000 people per year in the United States. Cystic fibrosis is the most widely recognized,Read MoreGene Therapy : An Experimental Technique1415 Words   |  6 PagesCharacteristics are passed on to future generations through an organism’s DNA. But what happens when there is a genetic disorder that one would not want to pass on to their offspring? This is where the new technology of gene therapy may be able to help. Gene therapy is an experimental technique that involves altering genes within the body’s cells in order to prevent genetic disorders (Mayo Clinic, 2015). The objective of gene therapy is to edit a defective gene sequence in situ to achieve completeRead MoreA Study On Cystic Fibrosis1246 Words   |  5 PagesCystic Fibrosis Rhonda Abraham Maternal/Child Nursing March 20, 2015 Esha Osborne Cystic Fibrosis It was suggested by Bush (2012) that most of the genetic related diseases are the hardest to cure or have no cure at all. This is due to the fact that the DNA of the individuals cannot be altered easily by modern medicine and even the most innovative medical machines available. One of the diseases which is considered as a genetic disorder is the Cystic Fibrosis, also called as mucoviscidosis. ThisRead MoreWhat Are Cystic Fibrosis?1383 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is cystic fibrosis? Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease of the secretory glands that produce mucus and sweat. This is caused by mutations on chromosome 7 and can affects the lungs, pancreas, liver, intestines, sinus and sex organs of the patients. What are the symptoms of CF? The signs of cystic fibrosis varies from person to person. With this disease, some experience the severity of conditions at adolescence while others will not experience any symptoms until adulthood. The most prominentRead MoreCystic Fibrosis : An Autosomal Recessive Condition Of The Secretory Gland1410 Words   |  6 PagesThe Disease Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive condition of the secretory glands, which affects roughly 30,000 individuals in the United States alone (Cohen Prince, 2012, p. 509). This chronic genetic disorder of the sweat and mucous glands affects a number of different anatomical structures including the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, the exocrine pancreas, and the exocrine sweat glands. Cystic fibrosis results in the production of abnormally thick mucus which can detrimentallyRead MoreCharacteristics Of Cystic Fibrosis ( Cf )1180 Words   |  5 Pages000 new cases of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) are diagnosed each year in the United States. There are more than 30,000 patients, who are living with cystic fibrosis, in the States. It is a genetic disorder, which produce thick and sticky mucus in the lungs and digestive system. It is one of the most common life-threatening chronic lung disorders among children and young adults. In normal conditions, the mucus helps the body to preven t from the bacterial infection but in cystic fibrosis, the secreted mucusRead MoreCystic Fibrosis Research Paper1000 Words   |  4 PagesCystic Fibrosis Cystic Fibrosis, a very serious inherited genetic disease, is also known as CF and sixty-five roses. This disease affects one in every 3,000 live births. It may first appear in a newborn, but can appear all the way up until a young adult. However, ten percent of most cases are apparent at birth. CF affects the lungs and causes a build-up of abnormally thick mucus which leads to chest infections, and CF also affects the reproductive system. Doctors do not know what causes the mucus

How Psychology Has Remain A Progressive Science - 1541 Words

Psychology has remain a progressive science due to the many contributions of influential leaders. In this paper I will mention three historical figures who I believe were important in the development of the field of psychology in the past and till this day. Paul Ekman is an American psychologist who became a pioneer in the study of emotions and their relation to facial expressions. He was born in 1934, Washington D.C., he graduated with a Ph. D in clinical psychology from the Adelphi University. Following his work in clinical psychology he became a consultant in the Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute. Ekman is known as the â€Å"human lie detector† due to his expertise in the physiology of emotion, his ability to detect†¦show more content†¦His findings helped psychologist gain knowledge in how facial expressions play an important part in human interactions. His work helps doctors identify when patients are being deceitful and prevent them from harming themselves in the future. Today, Ekman continues to be an influential leader in the field of psychology. He has developed training programs to help people decipher people emotions, help people enhance their relationships with others and help people develop a sense of empathy for others. In addition to his work Ekman is an active consultant on emotional expression to judges, lawyers, government agencies such as the FBI and CIA. Emil Kraepelin was a German physiatrist who became the founder of modern scientific psychiatry, and psychopharmacology. He was born in 1856, Neusreletiz in Northern Germany, he graduated and received his M.D. from the University of Wurzburg. Emil began his work in the field of psychopharmacology at Wilhelm Wundt’s laboratory in Leipzig University. Later, Kraepelin became the head of a clinic at the University of Dorpat where he began to study the clinical history of his patients with mental illnesses. It was then that he became interested in studying how the course of illnesses and the patterns of symptoms can help identify psychiatric disorders. Kraepelin began to view mental illness evident on individuals in a â€Å"clinical† view rather than through theShow MoreRelatedMusic Is The Most Influential Real Life Application Of Music Psychology971 Words   |  4 Pagesactively participate in the production of music or passively listen to it (Wilson, 1987). Music psycholog y aims to explain musical behaviour through the understanding of various cognitive processes including perception, performance and memory (Tan, Pfordresher Harrà ©, 2010). The increasing fascination with the relatively new branch of science has generated the question as to whether studying music psychology is useful. It is still very early in terms of its testing and impact to make broad statementsRead MoreI Have Two Distinct Lives : The Student Athlete And The Critic808 Words   |  4 Pagesoverwhelming doubt that triggered episodic anxiety and depression. Until recently, I thought these versions of myself should remain in completely different the lanes, but through my academic and personal life experiences a passion to become a counselor has resulted in my intersectionality. While studying Psychology and Sociology as an undergraduate at Howard University, I realized how impactful one’s environment can be for their physical and psychological well-being. This awareness prompted my ambitionRead MoreThe Philosophical And Sociocultural Influences On Educational Theory And Practice958 Words   |  4 PagesThis history of education is robust in the number of philosophical and sociocultural influences on educational theory and practice. According to the Taking Sides text for ED833, â€Å"Historically, organized education has been initiated and instated to serve many purposes – spiritual salvation, political socialization, moral uplift, societal stability, social mobility, mental discipline, vocational efficiency, and social reform, among others.† The changes that take place in education are a directlyRead MorePhilosophical And Sociocultural Influences On Educational Theory And Practice954 Words   |  4 PagesThis history or education is robust in the number of philosophical and sociocultural influences on educational theory and practice. According to the Taking Sides text for ED833, â€Å"Historically, organized education has been initiated and instated to serve many purposes – spiritual salvation, political socialization, moral uplift, societal stability, social mobility, mental discipline, vocational efficiency, and social reform, among others.† The changes that result in education stem from the everRead MoreThe Nature Of Science And Public Forums927 Words   |  4 PagesThe nature of science is an issue subject to ongoing debate because of its representation within institutions and public forums. It is common for the general public to believe and assume what is being dubbed ‘scientific knowledge,’ as correct and legitimate, without much respect to its authenticity. In public forums, scientific claims are characterised by reproducibility and methodology where scientists are represen ted as those with higher regard. 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What Is Marketing Research Why Is It Needed by Companies free essay sample

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES Undergraduate Coursework Accountability Statement (To be completed by student) ACADEMIC YEAR: 2009/2010 SEMESTER: SUMMER COURSE CODE: MKTG3000_3 TITLE: Marketing Management NAME: Troy Lamontagne ID: 03620362 ASSIGNMENT: Graded Mini Essay What is marketing research? Why is it needed by companies? 1. I hereby certify that I am the author of the attached item of coursework and that all materials from reference sources have been properly acknowledged. . I understand what plagiarism is and what penalties may be imposed on students found guilty of plagiarism. 3. I certify that this paper contains no plagiarised material. 4. I certify that this is my own work and that I did not receive any unfair assistance from others (including unauthorized collaboration) in its preparation. 5. I certify that this paper has not previously been submitted either in its entirety or in part within the UWI system or to any other educational institution. 6. In the case of group work: a. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is Marketing Research? Why Is It Needed by Companies? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I certify that the individual work of each member of the group has been clearly indicated; b. that where no such indication has been given, I take the responsibility for the work as if it were the section of the paper for which I am solely responsible; and c. that I have not collaborated with any members of the group to breach the University’s regulations. Signature: Troy Lamontagne Date: Saturday 3rd July 2010 WHAT IS MARKETING RESEARCH? WHY IS IT NEEDED BY COMPANIES? a. Definitions and Objectives: Green and Tull have defined marketing research as â€Å"†¦ the systematic and objective search for, and analysis of, information relevant to the identification and solution of any problem in the field of marketing. † It seeks to understand the best ways to connect a consumer and a product, with the hope that the consumer will buy. This involves assessing the marketing strategy in use for that product or product line, and finding out whether they are working. This also involves studying the marketing techniques of other companies. Marketers begin research with a problem or a question. They want to know why a particular market is doing well or not doing well and what can be done to change that. They may also want to know why consumers are not buying some products, but purchasing similar products. Research is then done to answer the question, and that answer can be turned into a marketing technique that may get better results. There are two types of marketing research. The first is consumer market research. The goal is to study the purchasing habits of consumers. This can be done by tallying up how much of a product is sold, through surveys or via other means. The information gathered from consumers can be used to analyze current marketing campaigns and to create new ones. The second type of marketing research is business to business research, which studies how businesses sell products and services to other businesses. For example, Company A sells computer equipment to companies B and C. Someone may be interested in seeing how companies B and C found out about the equipment, how company A marketed its product and how good the market for that product is. Some of the important business decisions that a market research helps and aids is product line, choice of a good location, sales projections, pricing strategy, where to advertise, offering credit, how much capital might be required, how much floor space might be required, how much inventory might be ordered, how much equipment and supplies would be required or how many employees should be hired. Explanation and Process: As an aspect of marketing activities, marketing research can be broken down into primary and secondary research. Primary research, involves the compilation of research for the purpose it was intended. Secondary research, is initially conducted for one purpose, but often used to support another purpose. By these definitions, an example of primary research would be market research conducted into health foods, which is used solely to ascertain the needs/wants of the target market for health foods. Secondary research, according to the above definition, would be research pertaining to health foods, but used by a firm wishing to develop an unrelated product. There also exist other modes of marketing research: Exploratory research has the goal of formulating problems more precisely, clarifying concepts, gathering explanations, gaining insight, and forming hypotheses. It can be performed using a literature search, surveying certain people about their experience, focus groups and case studies. Descriptive research seeks to describe users of a product, determine the proportion of the population that uses the product or predict future demand for a product. Causal research seeks to find cause and effect relationships between variables. It accomplishes this goal through laboratory and field experiments. Conclusion: Marketing Research is valuable for generating new concepts, getting feedback on proposed advertising or gaining insight into attitudes and opinions about a new product. The distinction between marketing within a firms home country and marketing within external markets is disappearing. Cognizant of this, firms need to reorient their marketing strategies to meet the challenges of the global marketplace, in addition to sustaining their competitiveness within home markets. Social norms affect business practices, since they are a factor in the demand for a product. In the tobacco industry, for example, adolescents in developing countries are often the focus for the marketing and advertisement campaigns due to their vulnerability. Tobacco companies will often use symbols and fabrications in western society associated with smoking as a means of attracting these prospective consumers. A company marketing pork would experience less sales in an Islamic country, than it would in China, which is the worlds largest consumer of pork. Marketing research does not make decisions and it does not guarantee success. Marketing managers may seek advice from marketing research specialists. It is important that research reports specify alternative courses of action and the probability of success, of these alternatives. However, it is marketing managers who make the final marketing decision and not the researcher. The second observation, that marketing research does not guarantee success, is simply recognition of the environment within which marketing takes place. Consider the marketing problem of determining how much to spend on a promotion in order to achieve a given market share. The link between promotional expenditure and sales is not so direct. There are many more intervening variables, including: the medium used to advertise, the effectiveness of the promotional message, the length and frequency of the campaign, not to mention the many dimensions of the product, price and distribution. References Green, P. E. , Tull, D. S. and Albaum, G (1993), Research For Marketing Decisions, 5th edition, Prentice-Hall Kerlinger, FN. (1994) Foundations of Behavioural Research, 1st edition, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, p. 174. QuickMBA. Marketing. Retrieved July 3, 2010, from http://www. quickmba. com/marketing/research/

Lesbian, Gay, And Bisexual Youth Problems Essays -

Lesbian, Gay, And Bisexual Youth Problems Of the many emotions a gay man or woman feel, perhaps the most powerfully pervasive is fear. The fear of being found out is real enough, but the worry does not end there. There also lurks the fear of being called names, being assaulted, perhaps even killed. For adults these fears are horrible enough. For a lesbian and gay teenager, who lack experience and life skills to cope with them, such fears can be overwhelming. Lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth face many problems as they realize they are homosexual. Often they don't know even one other homosexual person and feel very alone and misunderstood. They see very few role models, no one to identify with. No one knows their secrets, no one shares their pain. No one will stop others from name calling if the name calling is about homosexuality. Who would dare to speak up? No one speaks up, not in junior high and high school. College, perhaps; pride events are more easily seen then, but in high school no one speaks up. Imagine dearly loving someone else and having to keep it totally secret because if you don't you will be punished -- cast out of your home by your family, ostracized by your friends, perhaps losing your job. This is the world of the lesbian and gay young person. The feelings homosexual youth face are only the beginning of the problem. As they recognize that they are different and discriminated against, they lose self esteem and become depressed. Many become suicidal and develop a feeling of extreme depression and helplessness. Those who don't commit suicide live an adolescence of silence and oppression, rarely being able to speak up without being struck down by peers. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) Task Force on Youth Suicide issued a report in January of 1989 concluding that lesbian and gay youth may constitute up to thirty percent of completed suicides annually and that homosexuals of both sexes are two to six times more likely to attempt suicide than are heterosexuals. Homosexual youth can not speak up because of fear and misunderstanding. And when no one speaks up for them, no one stops the pain, many teens can not handle it and commit suicide. This is the meaning of the commonly known phrase, Silence equals deat h. Not only do they face unrestricted discrimination and harassment at school, they often face similar or worse homophobia at home. Parents, unaware of their children's sexual orientation, often make cutting remarks about homosexual television characters, community members, or the orientation in general. They may not even recognize their comments, but the child (or children) is hanging on to every word, looking for at least a tiny bit of acceptance from family. Many times they find hate instead of acceptance, sometimes to the point of being kicked out of the house at age 14 or 15 when a homophobic parent does find out. This leaves them with nowhere to turn. Many of these teens are themselves suffering from the same prejudices that the rest of their family may share. Or perhaps they've gotten past that, and started to forge a new identity, where being gay or lesbian is something of which they can be proud. Sometimes, what makes it so especially hard for gay teens is the very thing that protects them, their invisibility. What African-American parent would be making jokes about black people at the kitchen table? What Jewish family would sit around casually commenting on how God condemns the Jews? But the lesbian, gay or bisexual teen, sitting there in their cloak of presumed heterosexuality, laughs outwardly, or joins in expressing shared disgust, while yet another chunk of their self-esteem has been chiseled away. Homosexual teens can not confide in parents, friends, or often even the church. Most Christian churches condemn homosexuality and back up their beliefs with the Bible. However, the major references to homosexuality in the Bible are badly mistranslated. Nowhere does the Bible mention same-sex love negatively; it only mentions prostitution, specifically in reference to local cults. More information can be found at the URL http://cent1.lancs.ac.uk/lgb/eight.html which is a detailed retranslation of eight major Bible passages used to